Upbeat music plays throughout.
Narrator: In falling markets, traders need to be on the lookout for what are called "bull traps." A bull trap refers to a short-term rally during a downtrend that "traps" the bull who mistook it for the start of a new uptrend.
As a matter of fact, some of the largest up days in history have occurred during bear market cycles. Why does this happen?
After a prolonged bull market, investors have been conditioned to "buy the dip." After a sharp decline, "dip" buyers step in and the market starts to rise a bit. This initial rally then encourages other investors who think the worst is over and become fearful of missing out—creating a cycle of yet more buying.
A temporary rise in prices may also force some short sellers to buy back shares to protect their profits, leading to even more buying. At some point, though, traders who held tight through the start of the downtrend will come to see this temporary rally as an opportunity to offload losing positions at a slightly better price. These sales, combined with short sellers re-establishing their short positions at the higher prices, may send stocks back into their pre-rally downtrend.
So what does a bull trap actually look like?
Here's a prime example from 2008. At the end of October, the S&P 500 had a large up day, which many traders took as a sign that the worst was over. But after a few more days of gains, peaking on November 4th, the sellers soon returned and pushed the market to even lower lows.
The S&P 500 ($SPX) dropped 25% from its November 4th closing high to its November 20th closing low. That's a massive amount of market damage in less than three weeks.
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